Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Index: S

s (matching whitespace characters) in Perl regular expressions: 41.7. Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

safe delete program: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons

safer rm command, techniques for: 14.4. Tricks for Making rm Safer

Samba

connecting to SMB shares from Unix: 47.6. Connecting to SMB Shares from Unix

installing and configuring: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

configuration script for daemons (smb.conf): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

NETBIOS names (SMB peer names): 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

running SMB daemons: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

mounting SMB-shared filesystems: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS

printing over: 45.9. Printing Over Samba

from Windows to Unix printers: 45.9.1. Printing to Unix Printers from Windows

to Windows printer from Unix: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix

project web site: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

security: 47.3. Securing Samba

security settings in smb.conf: 47.3. Securing Samba

swat tool: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

sash shell: 27.1. What the Shell Does

save lines (-sl option) for xterms: 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?

SAVEHIST environment variable: 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off

savehist shell variable: 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off

saveLines (xterm resource): 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?

saving command lines to file: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

/sbin directory: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

-sb option (scrollbar) for xterms: 5.11. Working with Scrollbars

scalar variables in Perl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5.1. Scalars

Boolean operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars

comparing with relational operators: 41.5.1. Scalars

numerical operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars

string operators used with: 41.5.1. Scalars

sched command: 4.11. Right-Side Prompts

scheduler program: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

process priority, lowering with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

scheduling processes: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

at command, running once with: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

regular, periodic execution with cron: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

scientific notation: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

scp command: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

copying archives: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

problems and solutions on SSH: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

51.7. Server and Client Problems

screen editors: 5.2. The Idea of a Terminal Database

screens: 35.8. The DISPLAY Environment Variable

clearing: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out

script program: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

37.7. Copy What You Do with script

cleaning files: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

ending: 37.7. Copy What You Do with script

scripting languages: 1.20. Scripting

Perl (see Perl)

Python (see Python)

shell scripts vs.: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming

scripts

#! notation on first line: 27.3.6. Default Commands

turning on verbose and echo settings: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting

batch editing: 20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs

writing: 20.2. Writing Editing Scripts

bin directory for: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

buildhash: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

CGI, Python module for: 42.8. cgi

cgrep: 13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed

34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

checksed: 34.4.1. checksed

cleanup: 14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files

converting characters in files: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

count.it: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

dialback: 28.18.1. Dialback

editing: 21.1. And Why Not?

behead script, removing mail/news headers: 21.5. Remove Mail/News Headers with behead

centering lines: 21.8. Centering Lines in a File

columns, making automatically with column: 21.16. Make Columns Automatically with column

cutting columns or fields: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields

encoding binary files into ASCII: 21.12. Encoding "Binary" Files into ASCII

fmt.sh: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt

indenting text with offset script: 21.7. offset: Indent Text

joining lines with join: 21.19. Joining Lines with join

pasting data into columns: 21.18. Pasting Things in Columns

rotating text with rot: 21.21. Rotating Text

splitting files by context: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

straightening: 21.17. Straightening Jagged Columns

text conversion with dd: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd

text in columns with pr: 21.15. Making Text in Columns with pr

translating characters with tr: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

uniq command: 21.20. What Is (or Isn't) Unique?

Expect program: 28.18.2. Automating /bin/passwd

file-deletion: 14.7. A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively

file permissions, changing: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

cx and cw scripts: 50.8. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes

file-time comparisons in: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

hgrep: 13.16. A Highlighting grep

lensort: 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length

lookfor shell script: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?

munchlist: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

namesort: 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

ndown and nup: 28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons

nom: 33.8. nom: List Files That Don't Match a Wildcard

opttest: 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing

paircheck: 16.8. Looking for Closure

pausing: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

Perl (see Perl)

ptbk: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

rcsegrep.fast: 13.7.2. rcsegrep.fast

rcsrevs: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

run-parts: 25.2.2. A Little Help, etc.

running without the shell: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

runsed: 34.4.2. runsed

sed editor

hold space, using: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

order of commands: 34.6. Order of Commands in a Script

shell (see shell scripts)

shell script wrappers for: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

shells reading from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...

showargs: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

showmatch: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

smbprint: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix

sourceable: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

SUID and SGID: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts

unconnected symbolic links, finding: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links

updatedb or locate.updatedb shell script: 9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database

vgrep: 33.7.2. The vgrep Script

writeway.pl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

writing in other scripting languages: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming

ww.sh: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word

xgrep: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

xwrist: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window

script.tidy script: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

SCROLL LOCK button: 5.6.1. Output Stopped?

scrollbars (xterm): 5.11. Working with Scrollbars

5.12. How Many Lines to Save?

scrolling error messages: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

scrolling in tty-type virtual consoles: 23.12.2. Scrolling, Using a Mouse

SD (Send Data) light: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?

sdiff command: 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff

-w option: 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff

building one file from two compared files: 11.5. Choosing Sides with sdiff

search access to directories: 7.3. Access to Directories

50.2.1. User, Group, and World

search and replace: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi

(see also replacement patterns; search patterns)

regular expressions used in sed or ex: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing

undoing in vi editor: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi

search operators with find command: 9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators

search path: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

27.3.4. Shell Search Paths

35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

configuring in shell setup files: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

in .cshrc.$HOST file: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

FPATH (for functions): 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

Korn shell: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell

zsh shell: 29.13.2.2. zsh

PATH environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

setting for shells: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

updating with rehash: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

search patterns

csplit program: 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit

for ed, ex, and sed, regular expression metacharacters in: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

global commands with: 17.14. Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)

regular expressions in (examples): 32.21.1. Examples of Searching

sed editor

delimiting: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression

split across lines: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

vi editor: 17.8. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands

compund searches: 17.22. vi Compound Searches

global searches: 17.8.1. Global Searches

search permission: 50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions

50.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions

(see also execute permission)

search strings in sed, referencing portions of in replacement: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String

search wraps, stopping in vi: 17.15. Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps

search.el file: 19.8. Rational Searches

searching

for doubled word typing errors: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word

in Emacs: 19.8. Rational Searches

PWD variable and: 19.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

grep commands, using: 13.1. Different Versions of grep

look program, using: 13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"

manual pages: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

secondary prompts

? (question mark) as: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop

Bourne shell quoting and: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting

> (greater than sign) as: 28.9.2. A for Loop

multiline commands and: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

sections in documentation: 2.1. The man Command

secure keyboard mode (xterm): 5.17. The xterm Menus

Secure Shell (SSH) (see ssh)

Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)

security: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability

bin directory, preventing unauthorized file operations: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

buffer overflow: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow

CERT checklists: 48.2. CERT Security Checklists

disallowing rlogin and rsh: 48.11. Disallow rlogin and rsh

files: 50.1. Introduction to File Ownership and Security

50.1. Introduction to File Ownership and Security

(see also permissions)

making them unwritable: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable

managing permissions: 50.11. Juggling Permissions

modifying files without write access: 50.9. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access

sticky bit permission: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

host listings in .rhosts file or /etc/hosts.equiv file: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

inetd daemon, disabling: 48.10. Disabling inetd

intruder detection: 48.7. Intruder Detection

keeping up with security alerts: 48.3. Keeping Up with Security Alerts

Linux /proc filesystem, viewing current state of system: 48.9. The Linux proc Filesystem

login program, checks performed by: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In

MOTD, importance of: 48.8. Importance of MOTD

NFS and: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS

performance problems, checking: 48.6. Beware of Sluggish Performance

I/O statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks

network connections: 48.6.3. Check Network Connections

processes: 48.6.1. Check Processes

swap space: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space

virtual memory statistics: 48.6.4. Other Checks

Samba: 47.3. Securing Samba

security settings in smb.conf: 47.3. Securing Samba

TCP wrapper programs, checking logs: 48.12. TCP Wrappers

vulnerabilities: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability

xterm: 5.17. The xterm Menus

sed editor: 3.12. Terminal Setup: Testing Remote Hostname and X Display

20.1. Why Line Editors Aren't Dinosaurs

34.1. sed Sermon^H^H^H^H^H^HSummary

-f option: 34.3. Invoking sed

36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

-n option: 34.3. Invoking sed

34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

36.23.4. Using sed

addressing: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics

command line: 34.3. Invoking sed

commands, operations of (deliberate scrivener analogy): 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

dedent script: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

delete commands: 34.5. sed Addressing Basics

34.19. Multiline Delete

delimiting regular expressions: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression

edit non-matching lines: 34.20. Making Edits Everywhere Except...

extra blank lines, squashing: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines

files, not changing by editing: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed

fmt.sh script: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt

general-purpose batch editing: 20.5. Running Editing Scripts Within vi

global commands: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed

grep program, multiline context: 13.9. A Multiline Context grep Using sed

grep programs: 13.1. Different Versions of grep

hold (h or H) commands: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

hold space: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

line-by-line and search using: 13.10. Compound Searches

line-numbering with: 12.13. Numbering Lines

lq command: 8.15. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File

makealias and quote aliases: 29.10. Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote

mkdir command, inserting into find command output: 9.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree

multiple matches on a line: 34.12. Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many

newlines in a replacement: 34.9. Newlines in a sed Replacement

newlines quoting and backslashes, shell interpretation of: 34.24. sed Newlines, Quoting, and Backslashes in a Shell Script

order of commands in a script: 34.6. Order of Commands in a Script

parsing strings: 36.23.4. Using sed

pattern space: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

making edits across line boundaries: 34.16. Making Edits Across Line Boundaries

print (p) command: 34.17. The Deliberate Scrivener

quit (q) command: 34.22. Uses of the sed Quit Command

referencing portions of a search string: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String

referencing the search string in a replacement: 34.10. Referencing the Search String in a Replacement

regular expressions used in

documentation for: 32.21. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

metacharacters: 32.20. Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

search and replace commands: 32.21.2. Examples of Searching and Replacing

searching for patterns split across lines: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

substitute command: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

test (t) command: 34.21. The sed Test Command

testing and using a script: 34.4. Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed

checksed script: 34.4.1. checksed

runsed script: 34.4.2. runsed

transformation on text: 34.13. Transformations on Text

using from command line: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

wrapping sed scripts in shell scripts: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

writing scripts: 34.7. One Thing at a Time

x (exchange) command: 34.14. Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

-e option: 34.3. Invoking sed

y (transform) command: 34.15. Transforming Part of a Line

SEGV (segmentation violation) signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?

selecting text in xterms: 5.13. Simple Copy and Paste in xterm

word selection, changing word definition for: 5.14. Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes

xclipboard, problems with large selections: 5.20. Problems with Large Selections

selection of fonts, enabling for xterm: 5.18.2. Enabling Escape Sequence and Selection

send command: 28.18.1. Dialback

sendmail program: 21.12.2. MIME Encoding

46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

Server Message Block File System (SMBFS): 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS

server number (X Window System): 35.8. The DISPLAY Environment Variable

servers

access control: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins

anonymous FTP: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server

Apache, running Python in: 42.4. Python and the Web

42.9. mod_python

DHCP: 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DNS: 46.9. Domain Name Service (DNS)

IMAP: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

NAT (Network Address Translation): 46.11. Gateways and NAT

POP: 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

SSH

empty passwords, problems with: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

SSH, problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems

VNC (Virtual Network Computing): 47.7. Sharing Desktops with VNC

services

/etc/services file: 46.2. /etc/services Is Your Friend

inetd file, managing Internet services: 46.5. The Director of Operations: inetd

SMB, verifying: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

Session Message Block (SMB) protocol: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

sessions, information about in window title or status line: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

set command: 35.25.1. Setting Options

-x option, turning on echo flag: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting

-xv option: 37.1.1. Use -xv

+H option, disabling history substitution in bash: 30.16. Instead of Changing History Characters

listing shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables

listing shell variables and functions: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

lockfiles, creating: 36.27. Shell Lockfile

multiple variables in for loop: 36.12. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables

with no arguments: 35.25.3. (Avoiding?) set with No Arguments

opttest script (example): 35.24. Standard Command-Line Parsing

parsing single-line strings with: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

window size: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size

xv option, hung terminals and: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

set directory command: 17.27. Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory

set noglob command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

set notify command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

set path command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

setgid bit, group permissions for directory: 49.5. Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit

setprompt alias: 4.14. dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

setprompt function: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

setstatline alias: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

settitle alias: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

setup files for shells (see configuration files)

setup files (multiple) for vi and ex: 17.17. Per-File Setups in Separate Files

SGID bit for directories: 7.3. Access to Directories

SGID scripts: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts

SGML: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On

sh (Bourne shell): 1.6. There Are Many Shells

1.6. There Are Many Shells

24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

27.1. What the Shell Does

-c option: 24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells

#!, seraching the PATH with: 36.4. Making #! Search the PATH

aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

arrays: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists

at command output, quieting: 25.6. Making Your at Jobs Quiet

background processing: 23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control

case statements: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

port name, testing: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

testing TERM variable: 3.11. Terminal Setup: Testing TERM

date formats: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

debugging scripts: 37.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts

for loop: 28.9.2. A for Loop

hangups in: 23.10. nohup

loading changed PATH: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

logouts

accidental: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

running commands at: 4.18. Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout

multiline commands: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

piping output of shell loops to pagers: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages

.profile file: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

prompts: 4.2. Static Prompts

primary prompt: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

quoting in: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

27.12. Bourne Shell Quoting

multiline: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting

rules for: 27.12.2. How Quoting Works

showing with verbose and echo settings: 27.15. Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting

special characters: 27.12.1. Special Characters

reading arguments: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

reading .profile file: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

redirecting standard I/O (see redirecting input and output)

standard error: 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe

repeating commands: 28.8. Repeating Commands

safe delete program: 14.9. Safe Delete: Pros and Cons

script file extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

1.12. Filename Extensions

scripts, writing: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

36.1. Beyond the Basics

simulated shell functions and aliases: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

special characters/operators in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

string editing operators: 36.7. Parameter Substitution

su stucklogin command: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

TERM variable, setting with tset command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

trap command: 4.15. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs

wildcards, failing to match: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match?

sh command: 5.6.5. Aborting Programs

-xv options: 37.1.1. Use -xv

starting Bourne shell with: 27.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here

v option: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

.sh filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

sharing

desktops with VNC: 47.7. Sharing Desktops with VNC

directories and printers with Windows network (see Samba)

sharing directories and printers with Windows network

printing over Samba: 45.9. Printing Over Samba

shebang line in scripts, #! characters: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

SHELL environment variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

resize command and: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize

shell escapes: 17.21. Shell Escapes: Running One UnixCommand While Using Another

starting a subshell: 24.4. Subshells

shell functions: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

27.9. Which One Will bash Use?

29.11. Shell Function Basics

c, changing directories with: 31.10. cd by Directory Initials

C shell, determining whether to use: 27.10. Which One Will the C Shell Use?

custom commands in: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

functions calling functions: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

listing: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

loops in: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup

ls with options: 29.11.1. Simple Functions: ls with Options

propagating: 29.13. Propagating Shell Functions

exporting bash functions: 29.13.1. Exporting bash Functions

FPATH search path: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path

putting arguments inside a Bourne-type alias: 29.4. Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

simulating with . (dot) command: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

specific shells, information on: 29.12. Shell Function Specifics

using in shell scripts: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts

work, setting current shell environment: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function

ww function, finding doubled words: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word

shell metacharacters (see wildcards)

shell parameters, with simulated functions: 29.14. Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

shell prompts (see prompts)

shell scripts: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

24.4. Subshells

35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

36.1. Beyond the Basics

:, #, and #!: 36.2. The Story of : # #!

: (Bourne shell) operator: 36.6. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator

#!, searching the PATH with: 36.4. Making #! Search the PATH

arguments passed to: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

basename and dirname, using: 36.13. Using basename and dirname

bin directory for: 7.4. A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

bkedit: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

case statements: 35.10. Test String Values with Bourne-Shell case

pattern matching in: 35.11. Pattern Matching in case Statements

testing string values with: 35.10. Test String Values with Bourne-Shell case

closing window from: 24.22.3. Closing a Window from a Shell Script

command-line arguments, handling: 35.20. Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts

command lines as scripts: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

commenting: 36.2. The Story of : # #!

commenting RCS files: 39.5. RCS Basics

conditional expressions in if statements: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

dater: 43.11. Named Pipes: FIFOs

debugging: 37.1. Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts

environment variables: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

exec command: 36.5. The exec Command

exit status of Unix processes: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

loops, testing with: 35.15. Loops That Test Exit Status

testing with if statement: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement

exit status, setting: 35.16. Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)

exits caused by interrupts, trapping: 35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

expr command: 36.21. Quick Reference: expr

finding last command-line argument: 36.9. Finding the Last Command-Line Argument

for loop with multiple variables: 36.12. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables

with GNU tar, archiving deleted files on tape: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

hardcoding usersÕ home directory pathnames: 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly

interactive use vs: 27.3.2. Interactive Use Versus Shell Scripts

last-access times: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

limitations of: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

lockfiles, creating from: 36.27. Shell Lockfile

lookfor: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word?

making executable: 50.8. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes

multiple names for: 36.8. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

naming: 35.27. Picking a Name for a New Command

nested command substitution: 36.24. Nested Command Substitution

for noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells

parameter substitution: 36.7. Parameter Substitution

parent-child relationships: 35.4. Parent-Child Relationships

Perl, using (see Perl)

permissions: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

50.13. Shell Scripts Must Be Readable and (Usually) Executable

reading from standard input: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

regular expressions metacharacters in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

requote: 5.21. Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

runaway, killing by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

running: 36.2. The Story of : # #!

running as a daemon: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

scripts without the shell: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

scripts written in other scripting languages vs: 35.2. Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming

shell functions, using in: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts

shell functions vs.: 29.11.2. Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup

shell reading script from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...

shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables

showenv: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

simple, examples of: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

sourceable: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

sourcing: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

standard input to a for loop: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop

strings, working with: 36.23. Grabbing Parts of a String

stripper: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip

submitting for execution at a later time: 25.5. The at Command

testing character strings with expr: 36.22. Testing Characters in a String with expr

testing for success: 35.14. Testing Your Success

testing two strings with a case statement: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

turning off echo: 36.20. Turn Off echo for "Secret" Answers

variables set by: 37.2. Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable

while loop with several loop control commands: 36.14. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands

wrappers for awk, sed and other scripts: 35.19. Shell Script "Wrappers" for awk, sed, etc.

writing simple: 35.1. Writing a Simple Shell Program

zap: 24.16.2. zap

shell variables: 35.9. Shell Variables

$ (dollar sign), preceding name with: 35.9. Shell Variables

cdable_vars: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable

cdpath: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

in .cshrc.$HOST file: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

current directory, storing in: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable

environment variables vs.: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

35.9. Shell Variables

eval command and: 27.8. eval: When You Need Another Chance

histchars: 30.15. Changing History Characters with histchars

history: 35.9. Shell Variables

IFS (internal field separator): 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

iterating over arguments: 37.5. Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

listing with set command: 35.3. What Environment Variables Are Good For

35.9. Shell Variables

multiline quoting in Bourne shell and: 27.12.4. Multiline Quoting

names: 35.9. Shell Variables

noclobber: 43.6. Safe I/O Redirection with noclobber

path: 35.7. PATH and path

printexitvalue: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

printing value of individual with echo: 35.9. Shell Variables

read-only: 35.9. Shell Variables

revnum: 39.6. List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

savehist (C shell): 30.12. Picking Up Where You Left Off

set by shell scripts, debugging: 37.2. Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable

setting: 35.9. Shell Variables

setting with combined use of sed and eval: 36.23.4. Using sed

storing control characters in: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

shell wrappers

invoking sed scripts from: 34.4. Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed

sed script embedded in: 34.18. Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

shells: 1.4. Communication with Unix

-v (verbose) option: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

aliases: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

archives, filename extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions

arrays: 9.23. Using Shell Arrays to Browse Directories

expanding ranges: 9.23.2. Expanding Ranges

built-in commands: 1.4. Communication with Unix

1.9. Internal and External Commands

command argument lists, providing: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

command-line editing: 30.1. The Lessons of History

30.14. Shell Command-Line Editing

calculating prompt string width: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

commands for working with functions: 29.11.5. Conclusion

as controlling process: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

curly braces ({ }) in: 1.13. Wildcards

33.3. Who Handles Wildcards?

debugging (see debugging)

defined: 27.3. What's a Shell, Anyway?

determining which is running: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?

disowning jobs: 23.11. Disowning Processes

Emacs, running in: 19.1. Emacs: The Other Editor

19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

exiting to close a window: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

filename-matching patterns: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards

history mechanism (see history of commands)

interactive: 3.4. Login Shells, Interactive Shells

interpretation of commands (see commands)

interpreting the command line: 1.4. Communication with Unix

job control (see job control)

kill command, built-in: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

killing: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

limiting file sizes: 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

metacharacters in: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

passing command history to: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell

priority, setting with nice: 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

as processes: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

programming: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell

(see also shell scripts)

pushd and popd commands: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

quoting in (see quoting)

reading scripts from standard input: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...

36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

redirecting standard I/O (see redirecting input and output)

relationship with kernel, utilities, and applications: 1.4. Communication with Unix

remote login sessions, stopping: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

remote, running: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

replacing one with another, using exec: 36.5. The exec Command

replacing with exec command: 24.2. fork and exec

running scripts without: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

setting up: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In

account setup, changing: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

contents of setup files: 3.5. What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

.cshrc.$HOST file for per host setup: 3.18. A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

interactive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells

login shells: 3.4.1. Login Shells

3.19. Making a "Login" Shell

logins: 3.1. What Happens When You Log In

Mac OS X Terminal application: 3.2. The Mac OS X Terminal Application

reading setup files at different times: 3.8. Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want?

setup files, understanding: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

terminals, automatic setups for: 3.10. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

setup files: 1.9. Internal and External Commands

PATH environemt variable: 35.5. Predefined Environment Variables

special characters and their meanings: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

specialized, based on languages such as Python, TCL, Perl: 27.1. What the Shell Does

stopping jobs on: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

subshells: 24.4. Subshells

suspending with suspend command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

terminal windows without: 24.21. Terminal Windows Without Shells

types of: 1.6. There Are Many Shells

27.3.3. Types of Shells

understanding # as comment: 36.3. Don't Need a Shell for Your Script? Don't Use One

Unix programs working independently of: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

wildcards: 33.1. File-Naming Wildcards

33.1. File-Naming Wildcards

(see also wildcards)

handling of: 33.3. Who Handles Wildcards?

matching with fast find commands: 9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database

without job control, using 0 (zero) PID to kill all processes: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes

X window, using from: 24.20. The Process Chain to Your Window

shift command: 9.23.1. Using the Stored Lists

removing command-line arguments: 35.20.2. With a Loop

unsetting command-line parameters: 36.10. How to Unset All Command-Line Parameters

in while loops: 35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift

35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift

shift operator (Perl): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5.2. Arrays

.sh_logout file: 4.19. Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

SHLVL variable: 3.4.1. Login Shells

shorthand substitution command (^xy^yx): 30.8. History Substitutions

.shosts file: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

showargs script: 27.5. Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

showenv shell script: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

showmatch script: 32.17. Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

shutdown program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

side-by-side file comparisons (sdiff command): 11.4. Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff

Sierra, Mike: 4.7. Multiline Shell Prompts

signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?

common, listing of: 24.10. What Are Signals?

distribution of, using process groups: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

handling: 24.10. What Are Signals?

kill command, using with: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

killing all processes: 24.14. Killing All Your Processes

killing processes by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

killing processes interactively: 24.16. Kill Processes Interactively

restarting daemon shell script: 24.13. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

STOP signal: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

unkillable processes: 24.18. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process

numbers, variations among systems: 24.10. What Are Signals?

for trap commands: 35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

simulating dynamic prompts: 4.4. Simulating Dynamic Prompts

sin command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

single quotes (see ', under Symbols)

single user mode: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password

site-packages directory: 42.2. Installation and Distutils

size

finding files by: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size

fonts: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font

5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu

limits for files: 37.9. Making an Arbitrary-Size File for Testing

xterm windows: 5.5. Querying Your xterm Size: resize

-size operator (find command): 9.14. Searching for Files by Size

-sl option (save lines) for xterms: 5.12. How Many Lines to Save?

sl script: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

sleep command: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

endless while loop, using in: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window

forcing shell to wait before exiting: 4.17. Running Commands When You Log Out

in strings of commands separated by semicolons (;): 28.16. Separating Commands with Semicolons

uses of: 25.9. Waiting a Little While: sleep

sleeping: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

slocate command: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases

9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database

SMB (Session Message Block) protocol: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

smbclient program: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

47.6. Connecting to SMB Shares from Unix

connecting to SMB printer: 47.5. Printing with Samba

smb.conf files: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

default printer, sharing with SMB network: 47.5. Printing with Samba

defaults, leaving in place: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

security directive: 47.3. Securing Samba

sharing local directory with SMB network: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

smbd daemon: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

SMBFS (Servr Message Block File System): 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS

smbfs tool: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS

smbmnt command: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

smbpasswd utility: 47.3. Securing Samba

smbprint script: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix

SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol): 46.8. Mail — SMTP, POP, and IMAP

sockets

displaying active with netstart: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting

returning activity on with netstat: 48.6.3. Check Network Connections

Secure Sockets Layer (see SSL)

soft disk quota limits: 15.11. Disk Quotas

soft links (see symbolic links)

soft mounting of NFS: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

software installation: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

challenges of: 40.2. The Challenges of Software Installation on Unix

curl application, using: 40.8. The curl Application and One-Step GNU-Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X

Debian apt-get tool, using: 40.6. Installing Software with Debian's Apt-Get

configuring sources.list file: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

Debian dselect tool, using: 40.5. Using Debian's dselect

access method, choosing: 40.5.1. Choosing the Access Method

choosing packages for installation or removal: 40.5.3. Choosing Packages for Installation or Removal

configuring packages: 40.5.6. Configuring Packages

exiting: 40.5.8. Exiting dselect

exiting select function: 40.5.4. Exiting the Select Function

installing packages: 40.5.5. Installing Packages

removing packages: 40.5.7. Removing Packages

updating information on available packages: 40.5.2. Updating Information on Available Packages

FreeBSD packages, using: 40.10. Installing with FreeBSD Packages

FreeBSD Ports, using: 40.9. Installation with FreeBSD Ports

GNU wget utility, using: 40.7. Interruptable gets with wget

make utility, versions of: 40.3. Which make?

RPM, using: 40.11. Finding and Installing RPM Packaged Software

simplifying the make process: 40.4. Simplifying the make Process

/usr/bin and other directories for: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

software robots: 25.1. Building Software Robots the Easy Way

Solaris

adding users to system: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User

disk device naming scheme: 44.4. Disk Partitioning

OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH

serial consoles: 44.14. Decapitating Your Machine — Serial Consoles

single user mode, entering: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password

vold daemon for removable media: 44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems

sort command

-b option (ignoring blanks): 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

22.6.2. Ignoring Blanks

-d option (dictionary order): 22.6.4. Dictionary Order

-g option, sorting numbers in scientific notation: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

-M option (month order): 22.6.5. Month Order

-r option (reverse order): 22.6.6. Reverse Sort

-t option, changing sort field delimiter: 22.3. Changing the sort Field Delimiter

alphabetic vs. numeric: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

case-insensitive sorts: 22.6.3. Case-Insensitive Sorts

fields: 22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts

u option: 16.4. Inside spell

-u option, eliminating duplicate lines: 22.6.1. Dealing with Repeated Lines

sorting

files: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

by last name (namesort script): 22.8. Sorting a List of People by Last Name

lines by length (lensort script): 22.7. lensort: Sort Lines by Length

sort command: 22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts

sound cards: 44.1. Quick Introduction to Hardware

44.13. Dealing with Sound Cards and Other Annoying Hardware

source code, locating for programs: 2.3. whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located

source command

-h (history) option: 30.13. Pass History to Another Shell

ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands

reading aliases file into C shell: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

scripts, using on: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

shell scripts, using on: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

source filename: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

sourceable scripts: 29.7. Sourceable Scripts

sources.list file: 40.5.1. Choosing the Access Method

components: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

configuring: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

distribution: 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File

spawning processes: 24.2. fork and exec

special characters

in Bourne shell (sh): 27.12.1. Special Characters

C shell: 27.13.1. Special Characters

C shell filenames, quotiing in: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames

in filenames: 1.11. Filenames

8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames

deleting files: 14.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names

in shell prompts: 4.3. Dynamic Prompts

4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

in shells, listing with definitions: 27.17. "Special" Characters and Operators

spell checking: 16.1. The Unix spell Command

aspell utility: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

ispell program: 16.2. Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

-a option: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?

16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

-d option, providing master spelling list: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

adding words to dictionary: 16.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary

look command: 13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"

16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?

sed editor, corrector program: 34.21. The sed Test Command

spell command: 16.1. The Unix spell Command

16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?

16.4. Inside spell

-v option: 16.4. Inside spell

-x option: 16.4. Inside spell

b option (British usage): 16.4. Inside spell

dictionary files for special words and terms: 16.1. The Unix spell Command

spellhist file: 16.4. Inside spell

spellprog program: 16.4. Inside spell

stop list for typical misspellings: 16.4. Inside spell

split command

awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

loops using: 36.13.2. Use with Loops

variants of: 21.9. Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split

split function: 20.10.5. Variables and Array Assignments

splitting strings

IFS, places in which it can't be used: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

into fields: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

SPOOL (Simultaneous Printing Off and On Line): 45.1. Introduction to Printing

spooling system for printing: 45.1. Introduction to Printing

converting source files within: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler

lpd daemon: 45.8. Printing Over a Network

lpr-style commands: 45.2.1. lpr-Style Printing Commands

symbolic links: 45.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling

spreadsheet modes in Emacs: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List

sprintf command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

sqrt command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

srand command (nawk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

ssh: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications

51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X

-agent option, copying archives without password: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

-keygen option: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

backups to remote tape drive: 38.7. Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

accessing with GNU tar: 38.8. Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

differences from rsh: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

enabling on Mac OS X: 51.1. Enabling Remote Access on Mac OS X

interactive login: 6.10.1. Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins

OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH

port numbers for: 3.13. Terminal Setup: Testing Port

problems and solutions: 51.4. SSH Problems and Solutions

general and authentication: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

key and agent problems: 51.6. Key and Agent Problems

server and client problems: 51.7. Server and Client Problems

protecting access through: 51.2. Protecting Access Through SSH

rsync program: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One

running reading- or writing-tar on remote system: 10.13. Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

scp file copy mechanism: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

stalled data connection with: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?

starting remote X clients: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

suspending jobs: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

sshd daemon: 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

mail checking, disabling: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

.pam file: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

printing, disabling for: 51.5. General and Authentication Problems

problems with: 51.7. Server and Client Problems

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): 46.6. Secure Shell (SSH)

Python support for: 42.4. Python and the Web

stacks

directory: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands

function parameter buffers, overflowing: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow

stale files, deleting: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files

stale symbolic links: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links

stalled data connections: 5.6.4. Stalled Data Connection?

standard error: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

combining with stdout and piping to pagers: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

grep command output: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

for interactive and noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells

redirecting: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error

( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands

Bourne and C shells: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

Bourne-type shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

in C shell: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

to a pipe: 43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe

shell debugging output, piping to pager: 37.1.1. Use -xv

sys.stderr file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

writing debugging messages to: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

writing to via /dev/stderr: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

standard input: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

compressing/uncompressing files from: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space

to a for loop: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop

including directly on cron command line: 25.4. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

reading scripts from: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

redirecting: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands

tee program, using: 43.8. Send Output Two or More Places

shell handling of: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

shells reading scripts from: 36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...

36.17. A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but...

36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

sys.stdin file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

standard output: 1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together

36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

combining with stderr and piping to pagers: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

compressing/uncompressing files from: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space

for interactive and noninteractive shells: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells

normal and debugging, splitting into two files: 37.1.1. Use -xv

printing terminal type output for tset command: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

RCS file, sending to: 39.5. RCS Basics

redirected to a file: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

redirecting: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error

43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

( ) subshell operators, using: 43.7.1. Combining Several Commands

Bourne-type shells: 27.11. Is It "2>&1 file" or "> file 2>&1"? Why?

in C shell: 43.5. Redirection in C Shell: Capture Errors, Too?

piping to pager program: 43.4. Problems Piping to a Pager

to /dev/null file: 43.12. What Can You Do with an Empty File?

to multiple processes: 43.10. Redirecting Output to More Than One Place

shell debugging, piping to pager: 37.1.1. Use -xv

shell handling of: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

sys.stdout file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

starting anchor (^) in regular expressions: 32.5. Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

startup command for vi and ex editors: 17.5. Local Settings for vi

startup files for shells, changing path in: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

statements in Python lambdas: 42.3.2. Functions

static IP addresses: 46.1.1. Internet Protocol (IP)

static prompts: 4.2. Static Prompts

statistics

current process: 24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process

kernel and system (/proc/stat file): 24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics

processes by PID: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

status

command execution, in nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

exit status of Unix processes: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

returning to calling shell: 29.11.3. Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function

status command (lpc): 45.3. Printer Control with lpc

status file, information on current process: 24.9.4. Statistics of Processes by PID

status lines, session info in: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

stderr (see standard error)

stdin (see standard input)

stdout (see standard output)

stem-derivative rules for spelling words: 16.4. Inside spell

sticky bit: 50.4. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit

stop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

stop list, spelling: 16.4. Inside spell

STOP signal: 24.10. What Are Signals?

stopping out of control processes: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

stopped jobs

continuing in background: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

current job and: 23.5. The "Current Job" Isn't Always What You Expect

listing with their job numbers: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

putting into foreground: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

termination vs.: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively

stopping

jobs: 23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

remote login sessions: 23.13. Stopping Remote Login Sessions

stream editor (see sed editor)

string concatenation (.) operator: 41.5.1. Scalars

string operators: 4.6. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

strings: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

building with { }: 28.4. Build Strings with { }

comparing for pattern matching: 32.3. Understanding Expressions

editing with : (colon) operators: 28.5. String Editing (Colon) Operators

grabbing parts of: 36.23. Grabbing Parts of a String

echo, using with awk or cut: 36.23.2. Using echo with awk or cut

matching with expr: 36.23.1. Matching with expr

parsing using sed editor: 36.23.4. Using sed

parsing with set and IFS: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

matching a regular expression, finding with grep: 13.2. Searching for Text with grep

Perl: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

operators for: 41.5.1. Scalars

Python: 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

substr command, awk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

testing: 35.26. test: Testing Files and Strings

case statement, using: 36.25. Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

characters with expr: 36.22. Testing Characters in a String with expr

errors in syntax: 37.4. Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests

for zero length: 35.30. Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts

strings utility: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c

13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files

strip command: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip

stripper script: 15.10. Save Space in Executable Files with strip

stty command: 3.16. Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size

-g option, parsing output using set and IFS: 36.23.3. Using set and IFS

control keys, setting: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

data rate for dialup terminals: 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

erase, kill, and interrupt characters: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

finding out terminal settings with: 5.7. Find Out Terminal Settings with stty

stty tostop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop

su command

account changes, testing: 3.6. Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

starting a subshell: 24.4. Subshells

su f stucklogin: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

su stucklogin: 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

substituting identify with: 49.9. Substitute Identity with su

sub command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

subdirectories

listing with ls -R: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R

root, in FHS standard: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

searching for in directories with find command: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

subprocesses: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

aliases and: 29.2. Introduction to Shell Aliases

file descriptors given to: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

killing parent processes by name: 24.15. Killing Processes by Name?

subroutines

dot (.) command compared to: 35.29. Reading Files with the . and source Commands

in Perl: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

user defined: 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

subshells: 24.4. Subshells

( ) operators: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

43.7. The ( ) Subshell Operators

43.9. How to tee Several Commands into One Place

CSHRC_READ environment variable, setting for: 3.9. Gotchas in set prompt Test

environment variables, inheritance of: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

levels, showing in prompt: 4.12. Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL

setting command-line arguments: 35.25.4. Watch Your Quoting

startup files: 3.4.1. Login Shells

status line updates: 4.8. Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

umask command, running in: 36.27. Shell Lockfile

substitution commands

delimiting search pattern from replacement string: 34.8. Delimiting a Regular Expression

ex editor: 20.4. Useful ex Commands

gsub command in nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

history substitution, using in: 30.8. History Substitutions

sed editor

-g (global) flag: 34.2. Two Things You Must Know About sed

newlines in a replacement: 34.9. Newlines in a sed Replacement

referencing portions of a search string in the replacement: 34.11. Referencing Portions of a Search String

script.tidy using in: 37.8. Cleaning script Files

specifying one match among many possibilities: 34.12. Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many

sub command, nawk: 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

substitutions, confirming in vi editor: 17.9. Confirming Substitutions in vi

substr command (awk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

success or failure of commands, indication in exit status: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes

sudo application: 49.11. Providing Superpowers with sudo

SUID scripts: 49.8. Care and Feeding of SUID and SGID Scripts

SunOS

groups: 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?

redirecting standard I/O: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output

superuser

configuring, paths set by parent process and: 27.6. Controlling Shell Command Searches

file ownership, changing: 50.3. Who Will Own a New File?

killing others' processes: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

private directories, access to: 7.5. Private (Personal) Directories

shell prompt for: 4.10. Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

sudo application: 49.11. Providing Superpowers with sudo

tcsh and zsh shell prompts: 4.3. Dynamic Prompts

UID and GID of zero: 49.2. When Does a User Become a User

susp key: 5.8. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

suspend command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

24.4. Subshells

suspending

background jobs with stop command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

current foreground job with CTRL-z command: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell

23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell

swap space, checking for security breaches: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space

swapinfo utility: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space

swat tool: 47.4. SWAT and GUI SMB Browsers

configuring smb.conf file installation: 47.2. Installing and Configuring Samba

printers, selecting for sharing: 47.5. Printing with Samba

symbolic links: 10.4. More About Links

copying: 10.12. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r

directories, linking: 10.7. Linking Directories

disk space and: 15.4. Save Space with a Link

filenames for, showing: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

files as: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases

finding for every directory owned by a group: 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find

finding unconnected: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links

finding with find -type command: 9.13. Searching for Files by Type

hard links vs.: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

saving disk space wiwth: 15.4. Save Space with a Link

spooling, using for: 45.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling

stale: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links

10.6. Stale Symbolic Links

syntax of: 10.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

to /dev/null

replacing log files with: 15.3. Save Space with "Bit Bucket" Log Files and Mailboxes

to .enter and .exit files: 31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

symbolic mode (chmod): 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission

symbols: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter

(see also special characters; Symbols section)

in filenames and pathnames: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter

for keys on the keyboard (keysyms): 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

symlinks (see symbolic links)

sync program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons

synchronizing

filesystems (rsync program): 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One

time on networks: 37.6. How Unix Keeps Time

"Syntax error" error message: 37.3. Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests

syntax-checking program: 16.8. Looking for Closure

sys.stderr file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

sys.stdin file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

sys.stdout file object (Python): 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting

system

cron jobs, running on: 25.2. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

environment variables for shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

C shells: 3.3. Shell Setup Files — Which, Where, and Why

load, checking with uptime: 26.4. Checking System Load: uptime

overloaded with background processes: 23.4. Some Gotchas with Job Control

23.7. System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

password file contents: 1.7. Which Shell Am I Running?

performance and profiling: 26.1. Timing Is Everything

security vulnerabilities: 48.1. Understanding Points of Vulnerability

statistics on (/proc/stat file): 24.9.2. Kernel and System Statistics

time: 26.2. Timing Programs

system calls: 1.4. Communication with Unix

exec and fork: 24.2. fork and exec

fork and exec: 27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands

limit and ulimit (limiting file sizes): 15.5.1. limit and ulimit

unlink( ), in Perl: 14.14. Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

system command (nawk): 20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands

system function: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

system-level key mappings: 6.1. Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

System V

command version, getting: 2.1. The man Command

echo command, shell quoting and: 27.18. How Many Backslashes?

groups: 49.6. Groups and Group Ownership

groups (Release 4): 50.2.2. Which Group is Which?

ls command, nonprinting characters and: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames

<defunct> status: 24.12. Destroying Processes with kill

nice command: 26.5.3. System V C Shell nice

printing commands: 45.2.2. lp-Style Printing Commands

priority system (Release 4): 26.5. Know When to Be "nice" to Other Users...and When Not To

ps command

-a option: 24.7.1. System V

-e option: 24.7.2. BSD

-ef options: 24.5. The ps Command

signals: 24.10. What Are Signals?

systems derived from, rsh on: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

tr command

-cs options: 16.9. Just the Words, Please

character ranges in: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr

piping ww function output to: 16.7. Find a a Doubled Word

system variables (awk): 20.10.3. awk System Variables

system word file: 16.3. How Do I Spell That Word?

Copyright © 2003 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved.